Glossary

Aggregated data

Also known as "macro data" - a summary of "micro data" (raw data)

Anonymization

According to BDSG (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz= Federal Data Protection Act) §3, pragraph 6, anonymization refers to any measures that change personal data in such a way that "the individual details about personal or factual circumstances can no longer be assigned to a specific or identifiable natural person, or can only be assigned to a person with a disproportionate amount of time, cost and effort."

Archive

Related to the research data management context, an archive is a collection of data. These are to be kept in the archive indefinitely. An archiving period for research data of usually ten years has emerged. A special form of archiving research data is the so-called repository.

Author

According to the Copyright Act (§7 UrhG), an author is the creator of the work.

Best practice

A method of running a work process that has already been tried and testet. It is "a technique or methodology that has been proven through experience and research to be reliable in leading to a desired result".

Bitstream preservation

Digital data consists of a fixed sequence of bits that have the value 0 or 1 and are stored on data carriers. This sequence is called bitstream. Bitstream preservation only guarantees the exact preservation of the underlying bit sequence and makes no statements about whether the data represented by the bitstream can still be meaningfully represented or evaluated in the future.  Bitstream preservation is the ability to preserve the bitstream beyond technology changes. 

Citation

There is (currently) no uniform standard for citing research data. However, research data should be given a persistent identifier such as a DOI, which should be used for citation.

CoreTrustSeal Certificate

The repository has passed an audit/review by a panel of experts as trustworthy and receives a certificate. The certificate is valid for 3 years and costs a fee of 1000€. More information at: https://www.coretrustseal.org/ 

Creative-Commons-Licenses

A license is a permission to use copyrighted material. The use of liberal licensing models, in particular the globally recognized Creative Commons (CC) licenses, is one way to specify conditions for the subsequent use of published research data in a comprehensible way. More information at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=de

Data access

The ability to access and read specific data and information on storage devices such as drives or databases.

Data backup

Backing up data is most commonly referred to as a backup or a backup copy and is used to restore the original data in the event of data loss. 

Data provider (here identical to data holder)

A registered user of the platform who wants to upload his/her research data to the "MO|RE data" repository and obtain a DOI name for the research data.

Data reuse

The reuse of collected data for a specific purpose, to investigate a new problem or to verify the conclusions of the data producer.

Data set

Group of data in a file that belong together in a certain respect.

Data upload

The process of uploading data and associated metadata to a data repository.

Data user

A (registered) user of the platform who searches for, downloads or cites data.

DataCite

DataCite promotes data sharing, access to research data, and enhanced protection of research investments. As a global consortium, DataCite brings together individual regional (national) members who can provide direct service to the scientist. The cooperation promotes worldwide research scientists and creates global access to scientific research data.

DFG

The German Research Foundation ("Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft") is a registered association that functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Digital object

An object that consists of a bit sequence.

DMT 6-18

German Motor-Test ("Deutscher Motorik-Test 6-18"); More information at: https://www.sport.kit.edu/dmt/index.php

DOI

Digital Object Identifier, a persistent identifier (PI). A DOI remains the same throughout the lifetime of a designated object.

Editorial-Board

A group of experts who check the quality and correctness of the data supplied.

eResearch

Use of information technology to support existing and new forms of research.

(empirical) study

A scientific method that, through systematic collection, evaluation and interpretation of data, gains knowledge and allows statements about reality.

FAIR data

FAIR means Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Main goal of the FAIR data principles is an optimal preparation of the research data, which should therefore be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.

File format

The file format (sometimes called file type, file type or data format) is generated when a file is saved and contains information about the structure of the data presented in the file, its purpose and affiliation.

KOMET

Competence Centre of motor tests ("Kompetenzzentrum motorische Tests"). Coordination and bundling of all activities around the topic of motor tests - see also "Bös et al. (2021). KOMET - Kompetenzzentrum motorische Tests. Hintergrund & Testbeschreibungen".

Mapping (Data mapping)

Data mapping is the process of transferring data(elements) from one data model to another. This is the first step in integrating foreign information into one's own information system.

Metadata

Data that is independent in itself and contains structured information about other data or resources and their characteristics. They are stored independently of or together with the data they describe in more detail.

Metadata standard

A requirement to provide a common understanding of the meaning of the data to ensure the correct and proper use and interpretation of the data by its owners and users.

MO|RE data

motor research data - eResearch-infrastructure for sports science motor research data.

NFDI

The National Research Data Infrastructure ("Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur") is a digital, distributed infrastructure, which is currently under construction, that will provide the scientific community in Germany with services and advice on all aspects of research data management. More information at: https://www.nfdi.de/

Open access

Free access to scientific literature and other materials on the internet.

Open Archival Information System (OAIS)

An archive consisting of an organization of people and systems that has assumed the responsibility of preserving information and making it available to a designated community.

Open data

Open data is data that anyone can use, redistribute, and reuse for any purpose.

Open science

Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge shared and (further) developed through collaborative networks.

Persistent identifier

In research data management, a persistent identifier is a permanent (persistent) digital identifier consisting of digits and/or alphanumeric characters that is assigned to a data set (or other digital object) and refers directly to it. A persistent identifier refers to the object itself and not to its location on the Internet.

Personal data

The German Federal Data Protection Act ("Bundesdatenschutzgesetz - BDSG") defines personal data as "individual information about personal or factual circumstances of a specific or identifiable natural person (data subject)". Data can be considered personal if it can be clearly assigned to a specific natural person. Typical examples are the name, occupation, height or nationality of the person. 

Privacy policy

Describes how data (especially personal data) is processed by an organization, means, how this data is collected, used, and whether it is disclosed to third parties.

Raw data

Also "primary data" or "primal data" - data that has not yet been processed or evaluated.

Repository

Storage location to archive digital research data for the longer term and, in many cases, to publish it.

Repository type

Defines the function of a repository. Repositories are divided into three variants based on their subject orientation and their operator(s): subject-specific, generic, institutional.

Research data

Research data are (digital) data generated during scientific activity (e.g. through measurements, surveys, tests, source work). They form a basis for scientific work and document its results.

Research data management

Research data management is the process of transforming, selecting and storing research data with the aim of keeping it accessible, reusable and verifiable in the long term and independently of the data creator.

Scientific advisory board

A group of external experts who support the project team in the scientific evaluation of the results and act in an advisory capacity.

Standardization/Normdata

Standardization is the development of a conversion scale from raw scores to norm scores for the purpose of establishing comparability of an individual test result with a representative comparison group.

Terms of use

Legal agreements between a service provider and a person who wishes to use this service. The person must agree to comply with the terms of use in order to use the service offered.

URN (Uniform Resource Name)

URN is the name of an identification and addressing system and is used similarly to a DOI for the persistent identification of digital objects (network publications, data sets, etc.).

User manual

Ordered compilation of knowledge, explanations and instructions for use.