Publications

Dötsch, A.; Merz, B.; Louis, S.; Krems, C.; Herrmann, M.; Dörr, C.; Watzl, B.; Bub, A.; Straßburg, A.; Engelbert, A. K. (2023). Assessment of Energy and Nutrient Intake and the Intestinal Microbiome (ErNst Study): Protocol and Methods of a Cross-sectional Human Observational Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 12, Art.-Nr.: e42529. doi:10.2196/42529  

Kistner, S.; Mack, C. I.; Rist, M. J.; Krüger, R.; Egert, B.; Biniaminov, N.; Engelbert, A. K.; Seifert, S.; Dörr, C.; Ferrario, P. G.; Neumann, R.; Altmann, S.; Bub, A. (2023). Acute effects of moderate vs. vigorous endurance exercise on urinary metabolites in healthy, young men : A multi-platform metabolomics approach. Frontiers in physiology, 14, Article no: 1028643. doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1028643  

Soukup, S. T.; Engelbert, A. K.; Watzl, B.; Bub, A.; Kulling, S. E. (2023). Microbial Metabolism of the Soy Isoflavones Daidzein and Genistein in Postmenopausal Women: Human Intervention Study Reveals New Metabotypes. Nutrients, 15 (10). doi:10.3390/nu15102352  

Danesi, F.; Mengucci, C.; Vita, S.; Bub, A.; Seifert, S.; Malpuech-Brugère, C.; Richard, R.; Orfila, C.; Sutulic, S.; Ricciardiello, L.; Marcato, E.; Capozzi, F.; Bordoni, A. (2021). Unveiling the Correlation between Inadequate Energy/Macronutrient Intake and Clinical Alterations in Volunteers at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by a Predictive Model. Nutrients, 13 (4), Article no: 1377. doi:10.3390/nu13041377  

Kistner, S.; Döring, M.; Krüger, R.; Rist, M. J.; Weinert, C. H.; Bunzel, D.; Merz, B.; Radloff, K.; Neumann, R.; Härtel, S.; Bub, A. (2021). Sex-specific Relationship between the Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Plasma Metabolite Patterns in Healthy Humans—Results of the KarMeN Study. Metabolites, 11 (7), Art. Nr.: 463. doi:10.3390/metabo11070463  

Meisinger, C.; Freuer, D.; Bub, A.; Linseisen, J. (2021). Association between inflammatory markers and serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in the general population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids in health and disease, 20, Article no: 81. doi:10.1186/s12944-021-01508-7  

Kistner, S.; Rist, M. J.; Döring, M.; Dörr, C.; Neumann, R.; Härtel, S.; Bub, A. (2020). An NMR-Based Approach to Identify Urinary Metabolites Associated with Acute Physical Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Humans—Results of the KarMeN Study. Metabolites, 10 (5), Art.Nr. 212. doi:10.3390/metabo10050212  

Roggensack, T.; Merz, B.; Dick, N.; Bub, A.; Krüger, R. (2020). Targeted UPLC/MS/MS quantification of methylated amines and selected amino acids in biofluids. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry, 34 (7), Art.Nr. e8646. doi:10.1002/rcm.8646  

Soukup, S. T.; Merz, B.; Bub, A.; Hoffmann, I.; Watzl, B.; Steinberg, P.; Kulling, S. E. (2020). Glyphosate and AMPA levels in human urine samples and their correlation with food consumption: results of the cross-sectional KarMeN study in Germany. Archives of toxicology, 94 (5), 1575–1584. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02704-7  

Anesi, A.; Mena, P.; Bub, A.; Ulaszewska, M.; Del Rio, D.; Kulling, S. E.; Mattivi, F. (2019). Quantification of Urinary Phenyl-γ-Valerolactones and Related Valeric Acids in Human Urine on Consumption of Apples. Metabolites, 9 (11), 254. doi:10.3390/metabo9110254  

Bub, A.; Malpuech-Brugère, C.; Orfila, C.; Amat, J.; Arianna, A.; Blot, A.; Di Nunzio, M.; Holmes, M.; Kertész, Z.; Marshall, L.; Nemeth, I.; Ricciardiello, L.; Seifert, S.; Sutulic, S.; Ulaszewska, M.; Bordoni, A. (2019). A Dietary Intervention of Bioactive Enriched Foods Aimed at Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol and Results from PATHWAY-27 Pilot Study. Nutrients, 11 (8), 1814. doi:10.3390/nu11081814  

Ghini, V.; Tenori, L.; Capozzi, F.; Luchinat, C.; Bub, A.; Malpuech-Brugere, C.; Orfila, C.; Ricciardiello, L.; Bordoni, A. (2019). DHA-Induced Perturbation of Human Serum Metabolome. Role of the Food Matrix and Co-Administration of Oat β-glucan and Anthocyanins. Nutrients, 12 (1), 86. doi:10.3390/nu12010086  

Kistner, S.; Rist, M. J.; Krüger, R.; Döring, M.; Schlechtweg, S.; Bub, A. (2019). High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Resting Urinary Hypoxanthine Concentration in Young Active Men—A Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites, 9 (7), Art.Nr. 137. doi:10.3390/metabo9070137  

Mack, C. I.; Egert, B.; Liberto, E.; Weinert, C. H.; Bub, A.; Hoffmann, I.; Bicchi, C.; Kulling, S. E.; Cordero, C. (2019). Robust Markers of Coffee Consumption Identified Amongst the Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Urine. Molecular nutrition & food research, 63 (10), Article: 1801060. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201801060 

Ulaszewska, M. M.; Weinert, C. H.; Trimigno, A.; Portmann, R.; Andres Lacueva, C.; Badertscher, R.; Brennan, L.; Brunius, C.; Bub, A.; Capozzi, F.; Cialiè Rosso, M.; Cordero, C. E.; Daniel, H.; Durand, S.; Egert, B.; Ferrario, P. G.; Feskens, E. J. M.; Franceschi, P.; Garcia-Aloy, M.; Giacomoni, F.; Giesbertz, P.; González-Domínguez, R.; Hanhineva, K.; Hemeryck, L. Y.; Kopka, J.; Kulling, S. E.; Llorach, R.; Manach, C.; Mattivi, F.; Migné, C.; Münger, L. H.; Ott, B.; Picone, G.; Pimentel, G.; Pujos-Guillot, E.; Riccadonna, S.; Rist, M. J.; Rombouts, C.; Rubert, J.; Skurk, T.; Sri Harsha, P. S. C.; Van Meulebroek, L.; Vanhaecke, L.; Vázquez-Fresno, R.; Wishart, D.; Vergères, G. (2019). Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies. Molecular nutrition & food research, 63 (1), 1800384. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201800384 

Vázquez-Manjarrez, N.; Weinert, C. H.; Ulaszewska, M. M.; Mack, C. I.; Micheau, P.; Pétéra, M.; Durand, S.; Pujos-Guillot, E.; Egert, B.; Mattivi, F.; Bub, A.; Dragsted, L. O.; Kulling, S. E.; Manach, C. (2019). Discovery and Validation of Banana Intake Biomarkers Using Untargeted Metabolomics in Human Intervention and Cross-sectional Studies. The journal of nutrition, 149 (10), 1701–1713. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz125 

Armbruster, M.; Rist, M. J.; Seifert, S.; Frommherz, L.; Weinert, C. H.; Mack, C.; Roth, A.; Merz, B.; Bunzel, D.; Krüger, R.; Kulling, S. E.; Watzl, B.; Bub, A. (2018). Metabolite profiles evaluated, according to sex, do not predict resting energy expenditure and lean body mass in healthy non-obese subjects. European journal of nutrition, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1767-1 

Biniaminov, N.; Bandt, S.; Roth, A.; Haertel, S.; Neumann, R.; Bub, A. (2018). Irisin, physical activity and fitness status in healthy humans: No association under resting conditions in a cross-sectional study. PLoS one, 13 (1), e0189254. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189254  

Mack, C. I.; Weinert, C. H.; Egert, B.; Ferrario, P. G.; Bub, A.; Hoffmann, I.; Watzl, B.; Daniel, H.; Kulling, S. E. (2018). The complex human urinary sugar profile: determinants revealed in the cross-sectional KarMeN study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 108 (3), 502–516. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy131 

Merz, B.; Frommherz, L.; Rist, M. J.; Kulling, S. E.; Bub, A.; Watzl, B. (2018). Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women - Results from the KarMeN Study. Nutrients, 10 (5), 623. doi:10.3390/nu10050623  

Krüger, R.; Merz, B.; Rist, M. J.; Ferrario, P. G.; Bub, A.; Kulling, S. E.; Watzl, B. (2017). Associations of current diet with plasma and urine TMAO in the KarMeN study : direct and indirect contributions. Molecular nutrition & food research, 61 (11), Art.Nr. 1700363. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700363 

Bub, A.; Kriebel, A.; Dörr, C.; Bandt, S.; Rist, M. J.; Roth, A.; Hummel, E.; Hoffmann, I.; Kulling, S. E.; Watzl, B. (2016). The Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) Study: Protocol and Methods of a cross-sectional study to characterize the metabolome of healthy men and women. Journal of medical internet research / Research Protocols, 5 (3), 146 -. doi:10.2196/resprot.5792 

Engelbert, A. K.; Soukup, S. T.; Roth, A.; Hoffmann, N.; Graf, D.; Watzl, B.; Kulling, S. E.; Bub, A. (2016). Isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women does not affect leukocyte LDL receptor and scavenger receptor CD36 expression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Molecular nutrition & food research, 60 (9), 2008–2019. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600019 

Frommherz, L.; Bub, A.; Hummel, E.; Rist, M. J.; Roth, A.; Watzl, B.; Kulling, S. E. (2016). Age-related Changes of Plasma Bile Acid Concentrations in Healthy Adults : Results from the Cross-Sectional KarMeN Study. PLoS one, 11 (4), Art.Nr. e0153959. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153959  

Fuchs, S.; Bub, A. (2016). Hochleistungssport ohne Fleischkonsum? - Ein Karlsruher Ernährungsphysiologe verrät, worauf man achten muss - Campusreport am 09.02.2016. doi:10.5445/DIVA/2016-163 

Schwedhelm, C.; Nimptsch, K.; Bub, A.; Pischon, T.; Linseisen, J. (2016). Association between alcohol consumption and serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities: a cross-sectional study within the Bavarian population. British journal of nutrition, 115 (4), 730–736. doi:10.1017/S0007114515004985 

Soukup, S. T.; Helppi, J.; Müller, D. R.; Zierau, O.; Watzl, B.; Vollmer, G.; Diel, P.; Bub, A.; Kulling, S. E. (2016). Phase II metabolism of the soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein in humans, rats and mice: a sex and cross-species comparison. Archives of toxicology, 90 (6), 1335–47. doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1663-5 

Weiland, A.; Bub, A.; Barth, S. W.; Schrezenmeir, J.; Pfeuffer, M. (2016). Effects of dietary milk- and soy phospholipids on lipid-parameters and other risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases in overweight or obese men : two double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trials. Journal of nutritional science, 5 (e21), 1–9. doi:10.1017/jns.2016.9  

Cho, G.-S.; König, A.; Seifert, S.; Hanak, A.; Roth, A.; Huch, M.; Bub, A.; Watzl, B.; Franz, C. M. A. P. (2015). Comparative study of the fecal microbiota in patients with type II diabetes after consumption of apple juice for 4 weeks. Food science and biotechnology, 24 (6), 2083–2094. doi:10.1007/s10068-015-0277-7 

Franz, C. M. A. P.; Huch, M.; Seifert, S.; Kramlich, J.; Bub, A.; Cho, G.-S.; Watzl, B. (2015). Influence of a probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain on the colonisation with potential pathogenic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharyngeal space of healthy men with a low baseline NK cell activity. Medical microbiology and immunology, 204 (4), 527–538. doi:10.1007/s00430-014-0366-x 

Souverein, O. W.; De Vries, J. H. M.; Freese, R.; Watzl, B.; Bub, A.; Miller, E. R., III; Castenmiller, J. J. M.; Pasman, W. J.; Van Het Hof, K.; Chopra, M.; Karlsen, A.; Dragsted, L. O.; Winkels, R.; Itsiopoulos, C.; Brazionis, L.; O’Dea, K.; Van Loo-Bouwman, C. A.; Naber, T. H. J.; Van Der Voet, H.; Boshuizen, H. C. (2015). Prediction of fruit and vegetable intake from biomarkers using individual participant data of diet-controlled intervention studies. British journal of nutrition, 113 (9), 1396–1409. doi:10.1017/S0007114515000355 

Wiese, S.; Esatbeyoglu, T.; Winterhalter, P.; Kruse, H.-P.; Winkler, S.; Bub, A.; Kulling, S. E. (2015). Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: A randomized cross-over study in humans. Molecular nutrition & food research, 59 (4), 610–621. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400422 

Fink, A.; Rüfer, C. E.; Le Grandois, J.; Roth, A.; Aoude-Werner, D.; Marchioni, E.; Bub, A.; Barth, S. W. (2014). Dietary walnut oil modulates liver steatosis in the obese Zucker rat. European journal of nutrition, 53 (2), 645–660. doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0573-z 

Graf, D.; Barth, S. W.; Bub, A.; Narr, J.; Rüfer, C. E.; Watzl, B.; Seifert, S. (2014). Dietary fat quality in regular fat diets has minor effects on biomarkers of inflammation in obese Zucker rats. European journal of nutrition, 53 (1), 211–219. doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0518-6 

Baadte, S.; Bös, K.; Bub, A.; Scharenberg, S. (2013). Tagungsband zum Kinderturn-Kongress „Kinder bewegen - Energien nutzen“ Karlsruhe, 21.-23. Juni 2013. Empirische Pädagogik. 

Bode, L. M.; Bunzel, D.; Huch, M.; Cho, G.-S.; Ruhland, D.; Bunzel, M.; Bub, A.; Franz, C. M. A. P.; Kulling, S. E. (2013). In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 97 (2), 295–309. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.049379 

Graf, D.; Seifert, S.; Bub, A.; Fröhling, B.; Dold, S.; Unger, F.; Römpp, A.; Watzl, B. (2013). Anthocyanin-rich juice does not affect gut-associated immunity in Fischer rats. Molecular nutrition & food research, 57 (10), 1753–1761. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300022 

Graf, D.; Seifert, S.; Jaudszus, A.; Bub, A.; Watzl, B. (2013). Anthocyanin-Rich Juice Lowers Serum Cholesterol, Leptin, and Resistin and Improves Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Fischer Rats. PLoS one, 8 (6), e66690. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066690  

Huch, M.; De Bruyne, K.; Cleenwerck, I.; Bub, A.; Cho, G.-S.; Watzl, B.; Snauwaert, I.; Franz, C. M. A. P.; Vandamme, P. (2013). Streptococcus rubneri sp. nov., isolated from the human throat. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 63 (PART 11), 4026–4032. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.048538-0 

Rist, M. J.; Muhle-Goll, C.; Görling, B.; Bub, A.; Heissler, S.; Watzl, B.; Luy, B. (2013). Influence of Freezing and Storage Procedure on Human Urine Samples in NMR-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites, 3 (2), 243–258. doi:10.3390/metabo3020243  

Barth, S. W.; Koch, T. C. L.; Watzl, B.; Dietrich, H.; Will, F.; Bub, A. (2012). Moderate effects of apple juice consumption on obesity-related markers in obese men: Impact of diet-gene interaction on body fat content. European journal of nutrition, 51 (7), 841–850. doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0264-6 

Boeing, H.; Bechthold, A.; Bub, A.; Ellinger, S.; Haller, D.; Kroke, A.; Leschik-Bonnet, E.; Müller, M. J.; Oberritter, H.; Schulze, M.; Stehle, P.; Watzl, B. (2012). Critical review: Vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases. European journal of nutrition, 51 (6), 637–663. doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0380-y 

Hauder, J.; Winkler, S.; Bub, A.; Rüfer, C. E.; Pignitter, M.; Somoza, V. (2011). LC-MS/MS quantification of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in human plasma and urine after dietary intake of selenium-fortified broccoli. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 59 (15), 8047–8057. doi:10.1021/jf201501x 

Hsu, F. C.; Wirtz, M.; Heppel, S. C.; Bogs, J.; Krämer, U.; Khan, M. S.; Bub, A.; Hell, R.; Rausch, T. (2011). Generation of Se-fortified broccoli as functional food : Impact of Se-fertilization on S-metabolism. Plant, Cell & Enviroment, 34 (2), 192–207. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02235.x 

Pfeuffer, M.; Fielitz, K.; Laue, C.; Winkler, P.; Rubin, D.; Helwig, U.; Giller, K.; Kammann, J.; Schwedhelm, E.; Böger, R. H.; Bub, A.; Bell, D.; Schrezenmeir, J. (2011). CLA does not impair endothelial function and decreases body weight as compared to sunflower oil in overweight male subjects. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 30 (1), 19–28. 

Seifert, S.; Bub, A.; Franz, C. M. A. P.; Watzl, B. (2011). Probiotic Lactobacillus casei shirota supplementation does not modulate immunity in healthy men with reduced natural killer cell activity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The journal of nutrition, 141 (5), 978–84. doi:10.3945/jn.110.136440 

Welch, R. W.; Antoine, J. M.; Berta, J. L.; Bub, A.; Vries, J. F. de; Guarner, F.; Hasselwander, O.; Hendriks, H. F. J.; Jäkel, M.; Koletzko, B. V.; Patterson, C. C.; Richelle, M. A.; Skarp, M.; Theis, S.; Vidry, S.; Woodside, J. V. (2011). Guidelines for the design, conduct and reporting of human intervention studies to evaluate the health benefits of foods. British journal of nutrition, 106 (Suppl. 2), 3–15. doi:10.1017/S0007114511003606 

Garcia, A. L.; Mohan, R.; Koebnick, C.; Bub, A.; Heuer, T.; Strassner, C.; Groeneveld, M. J.; Katz, N.; Elmadfa, I. (2010). Plasma β-carotene is not a suitable biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake in German subjects with a long-term high consumption of fruits and vegetables. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 56 (1), 23–30. doi:10.1159/000262295 

Stracke, B. A.; Rüfer, C. E.; Bub, A.; Barth, S. W.; Briviba, K. (2010). Epigallocatechingallat - Bioverfügbarkeit und Wirkungen auf den Glucosemetabolismus in Zucker-Ratten. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung: Abstractband zum 47. Wissenschaftlichen Kongressm, Jena, 11.-12. März 2010, 25/1–1, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (DGE). 

Koch, T. C. L.; Briviba, K.; Watzl, B.; Fähndrich, C.; Bub, A.; Rechkemmer, G.; Barth, S. W. (2009). Prevention of colon carcinogenesis by apple juice in vivo: Impact of juice constituents and obesity. Molecular nutrition & food research, 53 (10), 1289–1302. 

Kressel, G.; Trunz, B.; Bub, A.; Hülsmann, O.; Wolters, M.; Lichtinghagen, R.; Stichenoth, D. . O.; Hahn, A. (2009). Systemic and vascular markers of inflammation in relation to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adults with elevated atherosclerosis risk. Atherosclerosis, 202 (1), 263–271. 

Rüfer, C.; Kulling, S.; Möseneder, J.; Winterhalter, P.; Bub, A. (2009). Role of plasma lipoproteins in the transport of the soybean isoflavones daidzein and daidzein-7-O-ß-D-glucoside. British journal of nutrition, 102 (6), 793–796. 

Stracke, B.; Ruefer, C. E.; Bub, A.; Briviba, K.; Seifert, S.; Kunz, C.; Watzl, B. (2009). Bioavailability and Nutritional Effects of Carotenoids from Organically and Conventionally Produced Carrots in Healthy Men. British journal of nutrition, 101 (11), 1664–1672. 

Stracke, B.; Ruefer, C. E.; Weibel, F. P.; Bub, A.; Watzl, B. (2009). Three Year Comparison of the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Organically and Conventionally Produced Apples (variety Golden Delicious). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (11), 4598–4605. 

Briviba, K.; Bub, A.; Möseneder, J.; Schwerdtle, T.; Hartwig, A.; Watzl, B. (2008). No differences in DNA damage and antioxidant capacity between intervention groups of healthy, non-smoking men receiving 2, 5 or 8 servings/day of vegetables and fruit. Nutrition and Cancer, 60 (2), 164–170. 

Bub, A. (2008). Prävention von Herkreislauferkrankungen durch Obst und Gemüse. Journal für Ernährungsmedizin, 10 (1), 20–21. 

Bub, A.; Möseneder, J.; Wenzel, G.; Rechkemmer, G.; Briviba, K. (2008). Zeaxanthin is bioavailable from genetically modified zeaxanthin-rich potatoes. European journal of nutrition, 47 (2), 99–103. 

Rüfer, C.; Bub, A.; Möseneder, J.; Winterhalter, P.; Stütz, M.; Kulling, S. (2008). Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycon and glucoside form in healthy men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87 (5), 1314–1323. 

Rüfer, C.; Möseneder, J.; Briviba, K.; Rechkemmer, G.; Bub, A. (2008). Biovailability of Astaxanthin Stereoisomers from Wild and Aquacultured Salmon in Healthy Men: a Randomized, Double-Blind Study. British journal of nutrition, 99 (5), 1048–1054. 

Rüfer, C. E.; Möseneder, J.; Winterhalter, P.; Kulling, S. E.; Bub, A. (2008). Rolle der Plasmalipoproteine am Transport von Isoflavonen. Abstracts zum 45. Wissenschaftlichen Kongress, Bonn, 13.-14. März 2008. Hrsg.: P. Stehle, 66/1–1, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (DGE). 

Rühl, R.; Bub, A.; Watzl, B. (2008). Modulation of plasma all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables. Nutrition, 24 (11-12), 1224–1226. 

Schnäbele, K.; Briviba, K.; Bub, A.; Pool-Zobel, B.-L.; Rechkemmer, G. (2008). Effects of carrot and tomato juice consumption on faecal markers relevant to colon carcinogenesis in humans. British journal of nutrition, 99 (3), 606–613. 

Briviba, K.; Watzl, B.; Nickel, K.; Kulling, S.; Bös, K.; Härtel, S.; Rechkemmer, G.; Bub, A. (2005). A half-marathon and a marathon run induce oxidative DNA damage, reduce antioxidant capacity to protect DNA against damage and modify immune function in hobby runners. Redox Report, 10 (6), 325–331.